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RLS's Friends & Correspondents
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Charles Baxter - RLS Website |
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"I was often at Swanston, and it seems but yesterday that at the west end of Princes St, Louis stood by me tracing with his stick on the pavement the plan of the roads by which I was to come on my first visit. I had known him long before, but then began our friendship. It was that night, late, in his bedroom, after reading to me (I think) "The Devil on Cramond Sands", he flung himself back on his bed in a kind of agony exclaiming, 'Good God, will anyone ever publish me!' To soothe him, I (quite insincerely) assured him that of course someone would, for I had seen worse stuff in print myself"
(Charles Baxter in a letter to Lord Guthrie 25 March 1914. From The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, ed. by Bradford A. Booth and Ernest Mehew, vol i [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995], p. 41.)
Charles Baxter (1848-1919) was a lawyer and one of RLS’s closest friends. They met in 1871 and developed a lifelong friendship. The two would often visit Swanston (see quotation above). Baxter, like RLS, had gone to Edinburgh University and both were members of the Speculative Society. Baxter was also part of RLS’s circle of friends in his student days of the 1870s, along with Bob Stevenson, Walter Ferrier and Walter Simpson. The young men would often drink in pubs on the Lothian Road, Edinburgh. He was a member of the LJR (Liberty, Justice, Reverence) League, the club RLS and his friends founded in a pub in Advocate’s Close, Edinburgh.
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Sidney Colvin - RLS Website |
 Sidney Colvin Licensed by Creative Commons
"If you want to realize the kind of effect he made, at least in the early years when I knew him best, imagine this attenuated but extraordinarily vivid and vital presence, with something about it that at first struck you as freakish, rare, fantastic, a touch of the elfin and unearthly, a sprite, an Ariel"
(Sidney Colvin, Memories and Notes of Persons and Places, 1852-1912 [London: E. Arnold, 1921], p. 101)
Sidney Colvin (1845-1927) was a critic, scholar and one of RLS’s closest friends. Colvin and RLS first met in July 1873, when RLS was visiting his cousin at Cockfield Rectory in Suffolk. On 26 July 1873, RLS had met Fanny Sitwell at Cockfield, who he had fallen in love with. Estranged from her husband, she and Colvin were in love and in a relationship. Fanny felt that Stevenson should meet Colvin, who could help to support his literary ambition. From their meeting at Cockfield, Colvin, Sitwell and RLS developed a lifelong friendship.
After studying at Cambridge University, Colvin settled in London. He became a fine arts critic, writing for the Pall Mall Gazette, the Fortnightly Review and the Portfolio, among others. He was elected Slade Professor of Fine Arts at Cambridge in 1873, and subsequently re-elected four more times. He was also the Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum. In 1884, Colvin became the Keeper of the Department of Prints and Drawings at the British Museum. As part of his new role, Colvin moved into apartments in the museum. RLS would often stay with him there.
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James Walter Ferrier - RLS Website |
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"Ferrier was consumed and wrecked by a miserable craving for drink. Will he, I have still to ask myself as I write these words, will he outlive the tendency, and become a conscientious, and kind gentleman as we knew him in his sober hours? Or will he go downward to the sot, the spunge and the buffoon? When last I parted from him, five months ago, he and I, for the first time in our intimacy, shed tears together over this alternative; he promised me, for my sake as well as for his own, to continue the good fight; and yet ever since I feared to write him"
(RLS in a "fragmentary autobiography" written c. 1880, from The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, ed. by Bradford A Booth and Ernest Mehew, vol iii [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995], p. 64)
James Walter Ferrier (1850-1883) was one of RLS’s friends from his days at Edinburgh University. Ferrier (along with RLS) was one of the co-editors of the College Magazine at the university. Although the magazine was a failure, RLS enjoyed working on it. He wrote about his memories of editing with Ferrier in “A College Magazine” in Memories and Portraits (1887).
Ferrier, Charles Baxter, Walter Simpson and Bob Stevenson made up RLS’s circle of friends in the 1870s – the young men would frequent the bars and brothels together in Edinburgh.
Tragically, Ferrier died of alcoholism as a young man. Stevenson was deeply grieved to lose someone who he felt such affection for. He wrote a tribute to Ferrier in the essay “Old Mortality” (1884): “Well, now he is out of the fight: the burden that he bore thrown down before the great deliverer” (“Old Mortality”, in Memories and Portraits, The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, Swanston edn, vol ix [London: Chatto and Windus, 1911], p. 34). |
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Sir Edmund William Gosse - RLS Website |
Sir Edmund William Gosse Licensed by Creative Commons
"I have a ludicrous memory of going, in 1878, to buy him a new hat, in company with Mr Lang, the thing then upon his head having lost the semblance of a human article of dress. Aided by a very civil shopman, we suggested several hats and caps, and Louis at first seemed interested; but having presently hit upon one which appeared to us pleasing and decorous, we turned for a moment to inquire the price. We turned back, and found that Louis had fled, the idea of parting with the shapeless object having proved to painful to be entertained"
(Edmund William Gosse, Critical Kit-Kats [London: W. Heinemann, 1896], p. 282)
Edmund William Gosse (1849-1928) was a critic, author, poet and close friend to RLS. RLS first met Gosse in August 1870 on board a ship bound for Erraid (J.R. Hammond, A Robert Louis Stevenson Chronology [Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 1997], p. 7). At that time, RLS was still getting his “education of an engineer”, and he spent three weeks on Erraid during the construction of the Dhu Heartach lighthouse (constructed between 1867-1872).
The two men did not become close, however, until 1877 (according to Graham Balfour, The Life of Robert Louis Stevenson [London: Elibron, 2005], p. 105). The men lunched at the Savile Club in London and a lifelong friendship was born. RLS and Gosse exchanged many letters and Gosse visited the Stevensons at Braemar while RLS was writing Treasure Island (1883).
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William Ernest Henley - RLS Website |
 William Ernest Henley Image courtesy of Rare Books and Special Collections, Thomas Cooper Library, University of South Carolina
Apparition
Thin-legged, thin-chested, slight unspeakably, Neat-footed and weak-fingered: in his face Lean, large-boned, curved of beak, and touched with race, Bold-lipped, rich-tinted, mutable as the sea, The brown eyes radiant with vivacity There shines a brilliant and romantic grace, A spirit intense and rare, with trace on trace Of passion and impudence and energy. Valiant in velvet, light in ragged luck, Most vain, most generous, sternly critical, Buffoon and poet, lover and sensualist: A deal of Ariel, just a streak of Puck, Much Antony, of Hamlet most of all, And something of the Shorter-Catechist.
(W.E. Henley, "Apparition", in Poems [London: David Nutt, 1889], p. 39).
"For me there were two Stevensons: the Stevenson who went to America in '87; and the Stevenson who never came back. The first I knew and loved; the other I lost touch with, and, though I admired him, did not greatly esteem"
(W.E. Henley,"RLS", Pall Mall Gazette, xxv [December 1901], pp. 505-14)
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Fleeming Jenkin - RLS Website |
 Fleeming Jenkin From Memoir of Fleeming Jenkin by RLS (London: Longmans, Green & Co, 1912), p. ii
"As everybody knows, Louis Stevenson was only intermittently in Edinburgh during the years that followed; its 'icy winds and conventions' always drove him away. He never looked really well or happy there, and I believe he owed some of his lightest-hearted hours to the friendship of Professor and Mrs Jenkin. One can scarcely imagine what he would have done or been without them. Certainly it is impossible to recall the Louis Stevenson of the seventies except as one 'a favoured one of' that delightful Jenkin coterie"
(Flora Masson, "Louis Stevenson in Edinburgh", in I Can Remember Robert Louis Stevenson, ed. by Rosaline Masson [Edinburgh: W. & R. Chambers, 1922], 127)
Henry Charles Fleeming Jenkin (1833-1885) was Professor of Engineering at Edinburgh University. Jenkin is perhaps best knows for his invention of telpherage (a system of using electricity to transport vehicles or goods). He worked (among other things) as a railroad engineer and later a cable engineer, helping to lay cables for the telegraph system in the Mediterranean.
Jenkin had many interests, including art, languages and drama. Indeed, RLS was not only one of Jenkin’s students, he also participated in the amateur theatricals that frequently took place in the Jenkin household. Fleeming and his wife Annie Austin Jenkin welcomed Stevenson into their home, and RLS had fond memories of the time he spent with them.
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Andrew Lang - RLS Website |
 Andrew Lang Licensed by Creative Commons
"On reading 'Ordered South', I saw, at once, that here was a new writer, a writer indeed; one who could do what none of us, nous autres, could rival, or approach. I was instantly 'sealed of the Tribe of Louis', an admirer, a devotee, a fantastic, if you please. . . "
(Andrew Lang, Adventures Among Books [London: Longmans, Green and Co, 1905], p. 44)
Andrew Lang (1844-1912) was a poet, literary critic, journalist, historian and friend to RLS. The men met on 12 February 1874 in Mentone. Stevenson had been “ordered south” to Mentone for health reasons in 1873. Lang was also there to convalesce.
RLS wrote: “Yesterday, we had a visit from one of whom I had often heard from Mrs. Sellar – Andrew Lang. He is good-looking, delicate, boyish, Oxfordish, etc. He did not impress me unfavourably; nor deeply in any way” (Letter from RLS to his mother, 13 February 1874, The Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, ed. by Bradford A. Booth and Ernest Mehew, vol I [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995], p. 483).
Although RLS claimed not to be very interested, he and Lang remained friends for the rest of RLS’s life. Lang also wrote an introductory essay for the Swanston edition (1911) of The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson:
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 William H. Low From Low's A Chronicle of Friendships, 1873-1900 (New York: Charles Scribners & Sons, 1908), p. 4.
"Industrious idleness it was to him; for his mind was a treasure-house, where every addition to its store was carefully guarded against the day of need. Many incidents of our common experience, long forgotten by me, I have thus met in fresh guise in after years"
(Will Low, A Chronicle of Friendships, 1873-1900 [New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1908], p. 151).
Will Hicok Low (1853-1932) was an American painter and friend to RLS. RLS met Low in 1875 in France, where Low was studying art. From the mid to late 1870s, RLS , Low and Bob Stevenson would often spend time together in Paris, and the artist communities around Fontainebleau like Grez and Barbizon.
RLS wrote about this bohemian French lifestyle in The Wrecker (1892). He dedicated the “Epilogue” of the novel to Low: “For sure, if any person can here appreciate and read between the lines, it must be you – and one other, our friend. All the dominos will be transparent to your better knowledge; the statuary contract will be to you a piece of ancient history; and you will not have now heard for the first time of the dangers of Rousillon. Dead leaves from the Bras Beau, echoes from Lavenue’s and the Rue Racine, memories of a common past, let these be your bookmarkers as you read. And if you care for naught else in the story, be a little pleased to breathe once more for a moment the airs of our youth” (RLS, with Lloyd Osbourne, The Wrecker [London: Cassell and Co., 1892], p. 427).
As the “Epilogue” suggests, Low and RLS remained friends long after their youthful days in the artist communities of France were over. Indeed, Stevenson and Fanny visited Low and his wife in Paris in August 1886. Low was also among the people who came to greet RLS when he arrived in New York on 7 September 1887.
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Auguste Rodin - RLS Website |
 Auguste Rodin Licensed by Creative Commons
"How I wish I could have my child's soul and fairy religion of yore to uphold me! My dear friend, I envy you if you have still your pen at the service of your thoughts. . . I congratulate you (on your book). We have the misfortunes that come with age; but you have compensations; and the respect shown to you by your younger contemporaries who accept your advice is no common thing. Good-bye, my dear great friend Affectionately yours, RODIN.
P.S. - And our friend Stevenson who was so dear, also lost on the way, leaving only his glorious name!"
(Auguste Rodin in a letter to W.E. Henley, 4 November 1898, from The Life and Works of Auguste Rodin by Frederick Lawton [London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1906], p. 207).
Auguste Rodin (1840-1917) was a French sculptor and friend to RLS. RLS first met Rodin when he and Fanny were visiting Will H. Low in Paris in August 1886. W.E. Henley, who was also in Paris at the time, introduced them. The two became friends, exchanging letters in French.
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Sir Percy Shelley and wife - RLS Website |
 Percy Shelley From Shelley In England: New Facts and Letters from the Shelley-Whitton Press, by Roger Ingpen (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1917).
"There is that singular story, told by a friend of the family, Miss Blantyre Simpson, of how the late Sir Percy and Lady Shelley both believed that Shelley had been re-born in Robert Louis Stevenson, and how Lady Shelley went so far as to bear a deep resentment against Mrs Stevenson as the mother of the child that ought to have been her own!"
(William Sharp, Literary Geography [London: Offices of the Pall Mall Publications, 1904], p. 33)
Sir Percy Florence Shelley (1819-1889) and Lady Shelley (Jane St John, nee Gibson, 1820-1899) befriended RLS and Fanny when they were living in Bournemouth.
Sir Percy was the son of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822) and novelist Mary Shelley (1797-1851). In 1844, Sir Shelley became the 3rd Baronet of Castle Goring, Sussex. He enjoyed hobbies like amateur photography and he took photographs of RLS and Skerryvore. In July 1885, Fanny Stevenson wrote about the Shelleys to Sidney Colvin: “Also we are rather intimate with the Shelleys. Lady Shelley is delicious; naturally no longer young, suffering from the effects of a terrible accident that has left her a hopeless invalid, but with all the fire of youth, and as mad as some other people you know, and ready to plunge into any wild extravagance at a moment’s notice. Sir Percy is an odd creature! Do you know him? He is the poet’s son only in being so exceedingly curious. I think we will come to be very fond of him. They have a lovely little theatre at their place here, and give very delightful entertainments, which will be pleasant for us.
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Sir Walter Grindlay Simpson - RLS Website |
 Walter Grindlay Simpson From The Robert Louis Stevenson Originals by E. Blantyre Simpson (London: T.N. Foulis, 1912), p.80
"Athelred [Simpson], on the other hand, presents you with the spectacle of a sincere and somewhat slow nature thinking aloud. He is the most unready man I ever knew to shine in conversation. You may see him sometimes wrestle with a refractory jest for a minute or two together, and perhaps fail to throw it in the end. And there is something singularly engaging, often instructive, in the simplicity with which he thus exposes the process as well as the result, the works as well as the dial of the clock"
(RLS, "Talk and Talkers: I", in Memories and Portraits, The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, Swanston edn, vol ix [London: Chatto and Windus, 1911] pp. 81-93, p. 90)
Walter Grindlay Simpson (1843-1898) was one of RLS’s closest friends from his student days at Edinburgh University. Simpson’s sister, Eve Blantyre Simpson, wrote about their meeting in The Robert Louis Stevenson Originals (1912):
“My father decided during this time, when facing his end, that Walter had better adopt that Bar as his profession, so it came about that the near neighbours and Academy boys, the future fellow-travellers, the 'Cigarette' and the 'Arethusa', at last met at the Speculative Society. R.L.S., speaking of this time, says: 'I had six friends: Bob, I had by nature, then came good James Walter [Ferrier], next I found Baxter, fourth came Simpson, somewhere about the same time I began to get intimate with Jenkin, and last came Colvin'” (E. Blantyre Simpson, The Robert Louis Stevenson Originals [London: T.N.Foulis, 1912] p. 70).
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 Fanny Sitwell Image from The Colvins and their Friends, by E.V. Lucas (London: Methuen, 1928)
"My wife [Fanny] reminds me of an incident in point, from the youthful time when he used to make her the chief confidante to his troubles and touchstone of his tastes. One day he came to her with an early [. . .] volume of poems by Mr Robert Bridges, the present poet-laureate, in his hand; declared here was the most wonderful new genius, and enthusiastically read out to her some of the contents in evidence; till becoming aware that they were being coolly received, he leapt up crying, 'My God! I believe you don't like them' - and flung the book across the room and himself out of the house in a paroxysm of disappointment - to return a few hours later and beg pardon humbly for his misbehaviour. But for some time afterwards, whenever he desire her judgement on work of his own or others, he would begin by bargaining: You won't Bridges me this time, will you?"
(Sidney Colvin, Memories and Notes of Persons and Places, 1851-1912 [London: E. Arnold, 1912], pp. 122-23)
RLS first met Frances (Fanny) Sitwell (1839-1924) on 26 July 1873. RLS was visiting his cousin Maud Babington at Cockfield Rectory, Suffolk when Fanny was also visiting. RLS soon fell in love with her, but she was in a relationship with Sidney Colvin. On this visit to the rectory, RLS also met Colvin and the three developed a lifelong friendship.
Fanny was born Frances Jane Fetherstonhaugh in Ireland. She made an unhappy marriage with the Reverend Albert Hurt Sitwell (1824-1894). The couple had two sons, Frederick, (who died in 1873) and Francis Albert (Bertie). Fanny later brought Bertie to Davos, Switzerland, in 1881 in the hope of curing his tuberculosis. The Stevensons were also in Davos at the time. Tragically, Bertie died on 3 April 1881. He was only eighteen years old.
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 Sir Leslie Stephen Licensed by Creative Commons
"At this time [Stevenson] must not be thought of as a successful author. A very few of us were convinced of his genius; but with the exception of Mr Leslie Stephen, nobody of editorial status was sure of it"
(Edmund William Gosse, Critical Kit-Kats [London: W. Heinemann, 1896], p 281).
Leslie Stephen (1832-1904) was an author, critic and editor who helped RLS with his literary career.
Stephen’s editorship (1871-1882) of the Cornhill Magazine meant that he was able to publish much of RLS’s early writings. He strongly believed in Stevenson’s abilities and encouraged the young author to pursue his literary ambitions.
In his Studies of a Biographer (1902), Leslie included a chapter on Stevenson discussing his literary style: “Stevenson, by whatever means, acquired not only a delicate style, but a style of his own. If it sometimes reminds one of models, it does not suggest that he is speaking in a feigned voice. I think, indeed, that this precocious preoccupation with style suggests the excess of self-consciousness which was his most obvious weakness; a daintiness which does not allow us to forget the presence of the artist. But Stevenson did not yield to other temptations which beset the lover of exquisite form. He was no ‘aesthete’ in the sense which conveys a reproach. He did not sympathise with the doctrine that an artist should wrap up himself in luxurious hedonism and cultivate indifference to active life” (Leslie Stephen, Studies of a Biographer, vol iv [London: Duckworth, 1902], pp. 215-16).
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